Ofcom regulates the radio industry
Radio Structure
- BBC
- Commercial
- Community
- Interent
Broad Formats
- Contemporary hit radio
- Adult hit radio
- Speech based
- Specialist (targeting a specific audience)
- Gold/easy listening
These define how a station sounds, and stations should keep to their formats.
What defines how a station sounds?
- Music
- Presenters
- Competitions
- Speech Content
- Production
Radio stations
- Heart radio - Speech based and adult contemporary
- The Breeze - community
- XFM - specialist
- Smooth Radio- easy listening
- Talk sport - specialist
Global Radio
Radio industry
- When did the BBC start broadcasting radio? 1922
- When and why did radio one start broadcasting? 1967 offered a new variety of music
- What is the license fee and how much is it? A form of tax instigated for radio - £12.13 per month
- What is the royal charter? Document from the Queen saying what the BBC can and can't say
- What is the BBC trust? The Governing body for the BBC
- What is the BBC's mission? To enrich peoples lives with programs and services that inform, educate and entertain
- What is he difference between national and local BBC radio? National deals with world wide news and things affecting the whole country, local looks at stories affecting the region or county that it is situated in
- What percentage of the population listen to BBC Radio? 65%
Commercial Radio
- When did commercial radio first start broadcasting in the UK? 1973
- What was the name of the first commercial radio station? LBC
- When did capital FM start broadcasting? 1973
- Who owns capital FM and what other brands does this company own? Global Radio - Heart FM, Classic FM, Gold
- What percentage of the population listens to this organisations stations? 90%
- How is commercial radio funded? Advertisements
- How many commercial radio stations are there in the UK? 340
- How many companies control the majority of these? 5
Global Radio - Case study
Capital radio - This was the UK's first commercial radio station, and is highly popular, still to this day. It has an audience reach of 7.1 million and focuses its content towards young mainstream listeners who want to know about the newest music. Below is a map of the stations UK reach./
Heart - Heart is a lot more popular than Capital, with 8.9 million weekly viewers, and the audience is of an older generation as well. Their target reach is mainly wives, husbands, parents, professionals etc. This allows for a wider reach as the audience would be more likely top listen to the radio in the car ore whilst doing housework, compared to the younger audience, who will be mainly looking at things on YouTube, Spotify and other online media platforms. Below is a map of the stations UK reach.
Other parts of the media
Television
having been launched 3 years ago, Capital TV and Heart TV are the next step in the domination of the global company within the media sector. They prize their selves on their quality advertising, having a partnership with Sky media, whilst also selling sponsorship revenues as party of their creative solutions team. This could definitely strengthen the news values of currency, because they will be able to adapt to the growing market, and keep building the reputation through any means necessary. be it through radio or television.
Music industry
It's not all about making music to everyone across the country, but also about nurturing and creating young talent through music management, publishing and live touring. This is a great way to build the organisations reputation as it not only cares about the audience, but the artists themselves, and allows them to choose people that are right for them.
History
The company was founded in 2007 by Ashley Tabor where they purchased Chrysalis radio, and within the next few years they would go on to acquire every station owned by GCAP media. Following this purchase they had to sell a number of stations to the midlands, headed by Phil Riley former Chief Executive of Chrysalis radio.
Issues in the market?
there are many issues that they will face in todays market. first of all, they will have to face the reality that radio just isn't working anymore. No longer do mass audiences tune in to listen to the latest music. They will find out about new releases on social media, be it Facebook, Instagram or even the latest emergence of Spotify; the latter being the most detrimental to the radio industry down to its various ways to find new music. Having something like Spotify, which is a form of commercial radio in its self, down to having to pay monthly for no adverts, yet still providing the same income as they would do with the adverts still there. Another major issue they will face will be the surge of online video sharing company YouTube. whilst being free and not actually a form of radio, it does allow audiences to get first glimpses of any new music out there, and if they are 'subscribed'; to the channel, they will be always up to date with the latest music. audiences might prefer this platform because it has limited advertisements and allows for full control on what to listen to.
Capital FM vs. Radio 1
There has always been a debate as to which form of radio is best, either commercial or BBC, and when you look at the listening figures, the debate continues.
- Copy - Writing copy - news article - text News reader
- Vox Pop - 'Vox Populi' - voice of the people - Asking the public about the views
- Voicer - reporter - expert opinion
- Clip - Pre recorded - part of an interview
- Wrap - Combination of all
3 C's of news writing
- Clear
- Concise
- Correct
Manchester City beat sevilla 2-1 in Manchester
on Wednesday night. Belgian midfielder Kevin de Bruyne scored in stoppage time to claim their second win of the European campaign, to help city
come from behind after Yevhen Konoplyanka struck on the half hour mark to put Sevilla ahead. Manuel Pellegrini praised his sides character, with a win that means city need 3 points and other results to go in their favour in order to progress to the round of 16.
roles in the newsroom
- news editor
- Reporter
- Specialist reporters
- producer
Skills needed for a reporter
- dedication
- Communication skills
- calm under pressure-
Bulletin research Assignment
BBC Radio 1 - Contemporary Hit Radio national radio
News bulletin - 31/12/15 11:30
audience for the station - 18-25, lovers of current music, and for people who don't like radio adverts, they don't have as much chance as Capital's audience does to win prizes for things mainly because they are not aloud to be linked with any company other than the BBC themselves.
The length of the bulletin was roughly 2 minutes. It was short and aimed at getting across the main points of the news it was covering. Most young listeners would not be wanting an in depth detailed report and the short snappy stories suit the pace of the station. The whole station is very quick in the way they run the show, and like to move from song to song or segment to segment as quickly as possible. The top story was the news of the continued devastating floods in the north of England following further destruction after storm Frank. This was a very shocking and current story affecting a wide amount of people across the country. meaning that more people can relate to the shock and terror that it has caused. As well as the destruction of storm Frank, the station included stories on: boarding passes being questioned following queries over their importance whilst shopping in airports, AP McCoy getting knighted and football news from the premier league. All of this appeals to the audience because it is an expansive range of stories appealing a wider audience.
Capital FM south coast - Local commercial radio with Contemporary music
Time/Date of bulletin - 31/12/15 Midday
Mainstream music lovers, same age group as Radio 1, but the audience is smaller because of the size of its demographic. They have a lot more chance to win prizes and to interact with the audience because of the allowance for sponsors with companies and regular adverts. They are an intellectual audience judging by the language used by the news reader, and the tone at which he was talking. this could be the reason for the short length of the report, it was around a minute long and only included 4 news stories. This would be the case for a local station as they don't have as big an area for news stories as a national station would. The top story was very shocking, and it was about a 6 year old having serious injuries after falling from a bridge, it had the values of shock and negativity which grabbed the audience straight away, this was most important for the audience probably because of its news values. It was treated seriously to emphasise how important the situation was, and this was reflected in the rest of the report. The other stories included a university professor who was given a special award for his work, continued reports of the Belgian arrests following terror alerts in the capital city, Brussels and the last story was talking about how the value of rhino horn is now higher than most high class drugs. They were all local stories on different topics so that more people would be able to understand the report. The first half of the report is local and then the second half is national so that the station can include more current stories and make it more relevant to a wider audience.
The BBC's top story reached a wider audience and affected a lot more people than the one from Capital, which affected only a select number of people who were there during the incident and is more a first hand incident than one that could effect people on a grander scale. They were different in the sense that one was a continuation of events over the last few weeks and the other was an immediate incident, however the current story was very brief and not told in a great amount of detail, this was probably down to the amount of stories they were trying to fit in to the entire bulletin and partly down to it possibly not being as news worthy as it would have been in the last week or so.
Bibliography
Law and ethics - Defamation
- Anyone can publish, Anyone can sue
- McCann case, the parents got £358,000 from a Portuguese court after a libel case
- Defamation - Libel is the written word and includes television and radio, and slander is the spoken word and is harder to sue.
- Covered by defamation act 2013
- Law came into order on Jan 1st and took over the original one of 1996 and no covers social media and people coming over to our country.
- The law of defamation allows individuals companies or firms to sue if a statement said about them has the ability to damage their reputation. - r them in the estimation of right thinking, causes them to be shunned or avoided, disparages them in the work place and exposes them to hatred and ridicule.
- a person with a higher morale understanding will be a lot harder to sue than say a criminal because they will have more people protecting them.
- Defamation triangle - Person making the statement, person who's having the statement made about them, Audience - the more the more case for defamation.
- Fair comment - if it is an opinion and is not intended to be malicious
- Public interest anything affecting the rights, health or finances of the public at large.
- Absolute - Covers anything said in court or the house of lords
- Qualified - Using information from an official police statement - Provided it is without malice and in the public interest.
- Website owners are also protected - where a comment is posted on their site by someone else
- Scientific and academic journals are also covered.
Recent libel case
- Michael Keith Smith and Tracey Williams
- there was a political argument on the internet of smith vs Williams and it was essentially where the two were debating the merit of military action in Iraq and Williams sued Smith who was in support of the UKIP party and started insulting him and calling him names.
- it damaged his reputation and meant that the public saw him in a different light
- he ended up getting money from her in the region of around £7,000 because of damages and managed to get £30,000 from a second poster against him.
Treating radio news
Copy
Star Wars the force Awakens Broke the Box Office records for
the saga by almost a billion dollars as the film premiered worldwide over the weekend.
This is the first film in the franchise under new owners Disney
and along with J.J Abrams - they have managed to build on the success left
behind by George Lucas.
However, some fans have called the seventh instalment a rip
off of the first film in the saga ‘A New Hope’ and Abrams himself has come out
to explain his decision “it was obviously a wildly intentional thing that we go
backwards - in some ways, to go forwards in the important ways “.
Vox
A puddle in Drummond,
Newcastle has been making the headlines recently after one bored office worker
decided to start a live video stream of the aquatic obstacle. The puddle watch
was streamed on Periscope and the viewers count peaked at around 6000 people
with further attention spreading to Facebook and twitter especially using the
hash tag “#DrummondPuddleWatch”. The social media trend prompted a fake Ebay
listing for a bottle of the puddle water, which received bids in excess of
$60,000 with numerous amounts of bids being made for this iconic bottle.
Vox Pop
With the arrival of Pep Guardiola at Manchester City in the
summer Confirmed last week on Deadline day, how do you think he will do in the
premier league compared to his times in Spain and Germany?
The Question on many fans minds here at Man city is whether
Pep Guardiola will replicate his previous success here in the blue side of Manchester
after the announcement was made on deadline day that he will join the club in
the summer. You would like to think that with the finances the club has, and
the squad already assembled, he will manage to win pretty much every trophy on
offer, and with his reputation of bringing though youth already established, he
could make full use of City’s grand Youth training complex to develop and bring
through young talent, here’s is what a few football fans thought.
Its one o’clock, im victor slynn
British Magician Paul
Daniels Has died at the age of 77, after reportedly suffering from a brain
tumour, with more on this heres victor
slynn
in the early hours of Thursday morning. Having been a
british icon for more than 30 years, Daniels died at his Berkshire home with
wife Debbie McGee. He was the front man of the BBCs Paul Daniels magic show for
15 years and was loved by millions through out his career. He only recently
returned home from hospital having initially been diagnosed with a suspected
stroke, but later diagnosed with an inoperable Brain Tumour. Many people have
paid tribute to the Great entertainer, with Uri Geller saying ‘Our careers started off by him trying to debunk me and so we
had a kind of a row in the early '70s, but then it turned into a very, very
close friendship and I'm saddened for his family but that's life, and life must
go on. He had a long and illustrious career and our thoughts are with both his
friends and family.
George Osbourne unveiled
the new budget yesterday, introducing the new ‘Sugar tax’, which will take
effect in 2 years time. The tax ill hope too bring in £520 million p0unds a
year which will be spent directly on doubling funding for primary school sport
in England. According to the budget, there will be at most, an 80% rise in
price on products such as brand on cola There will be two bands - one for total
sugar content above 5 grams per 100 millilitres; a second, higher band for the
most sugary drinks with more than 8 grams per 100 millilitres, with the levels
yet to be set. There have been mixed reaction to the announcement and here and
here is Charlie payne.
Sport news now, and England football coach Roy Hodgson has
revealed his squad who will play in the March friendlies against Germany and
Netherlands. Leicester City’s Danny Drinkwater is the surprise inclusion,
following the omission of Manchester united midfielder Michael Carrick. A full
list of the 24 man squad can be found our website online.
There have been Meteor sightings across the southern parts
of England today, with the green colour of the meteor prompting the viewers and
the internet to describe it as the St Patricks day meteor.
Finally here’s the weather with Victor Slynn
Mainly sunny across the whole of the uk with highs of 11 in
London and lows of 7 in the northern parts of Scotland.
Check this out on Chirbit
You’re up to date on heart.
Assessment
Its one o’clock, im Victor Slynn and here’s your news on
heart, (4 seconds)
Attacks in the European capital Brussels have left 31 people
dead after attacks in the airport and metro station, with more on the story,
here’s Sictor Vlynn with more on the story (11 seconds)
Following the horrific
bombings in Brussels Tuesday morning, countries across Europe have been put on
high alert as reports this morning are claiming there may be a second bomber on
the run. After initially suspecting that only one bomber was involved, both
Belgian and French media have raised the alerts after police have investigated
CCTV footage from the attacks. The suspected bomber was caught on footage
alongside Khalid El Bakraoui, but it is not known if the second suspect
is alive or dead. Following the attacks in Paris back in December last year, in
which 130 people were killed, countries have been on full lock down security in
their main cities in attempts to prevent another attack. (39 seconds)
Business news now, and high-street retailer ‘Next’ have come
out and said they are looking towards a challenging year ahead, following their
annual report which saw the chain’s shares fall by almost 10%. This could well
be our most challenging year since 2008 and it had previously expected growth
between 1% to 6% but following the report, they’re now expecting growth of only
minus 1% to 4%. Next have come out and said this about the effects of other
expenditures on their customers "it can clearly
be seen that growth in experience-related expenditure, such as eating out,
travel and recreation, was much stronger". (34 seconds)
In the sporting world,
European footballing body UEFA have proposed changes to the current format of
the Champions league, in which they would look to expand the knock out round
and include a group stage made of eight teams. UEFA say that it will allow more
games between the so called top teams in football, and will allow each team to
have 14 home and away matches. The new format will mean more clubs from the
major European leagues will be able to qualify. Seven time winners AC Milan are
likely to miss out on the competition next season as well as last years premier
league champions Chelsea. (35 seconds)
Finally, a female baby
Gorilla, who was born following a rare emergency caesarean in Bristol zoo six
weeks ago, is finally teething and giggling. The zoo is asking the public to
choose the name of the baby Gorilla. All the best for little baby gorilla. (15
seconds)
Weather now, a cloudy
but dry start for most this morning, rain locally heavy across northern parts
of the uk, affecting southern parts in the evening. (9 seconds)
I’ve been Victor Slynn
and you’re up to date on heart. (4 seconds)
Radio news evaluation
I’ve got a wide range of stories in my bulletin so that I
can reach a wider target audience but the language used, and the fact that I
have included stats and figures, means the intended age of the audience is
higher than say BBC Radio 1. It appeals to the age range where the audience are
working and on their break or in the kitchen cooking their dinner, or for the
whole family to listen to, this is representative of Hearts audience, which in
turn is what I’m aiming for. It is more formal
than radio 1 and means that it is a higher brow audience and more adult
orientated where as radio one would be teenager based. My story about the
high-street retailer ‘Next’ is more of a business story so would not be
appealing to a younger audience, and also reflects for the rest of the stories
I have included. It is family orientated with the baby monkey story giving a
light hearted end to the bulletin, which having done research, heart does on
near enough every news bulletin they do. It leaves the audience happy for the
rest of the day and it is the last thing they’ll remember.
My stories reflect professional practice with the use of
opinions and statistics, and this is seen in the football story about the
champions league, where I have asked people about their opinion on the proposed
structure change for the tournament allowing more ‘big teams’ to play each
other. The level of depth I go in to is the same as industry standard, giving
the audience a clear idea of the story but brief enough that they will be able
to take it all in on a short time scale. This is important for radio, as the
audience will most likely be on the move and on the go so they’ll need to have
the most important information as quickly as possible. Within the bulletin I have placed the most
import stories first meaning that people just tuning in can know the most and
tune out if they want to afterwards. It grabs the listener’s attention straight
away and it tends to usually have the most news values. My first story was
about the Brussels bombings in March, which will reach my intended audience of
adults and families because they may want to go on holiday there. It provides a
great amount of shock for the audience as well, like all top story’s do,
meaning it won’t just catch that specific audience, but a much wider one as
well.
I sourced my information from the BBC news website as well
as Sky News because those two are the front line news broadcasters in the
country. Using these sources provided me with reliable information because
there were the same stories from both outlets of information, also giving me
multiple sources of quotes to choose from. BBC news is what I believe my
audience would use because it is a well-respected, trusted service that is
known internationally with many correspondents. It also showed me how to write
the stories and what style to use because then the audience will recognise it
more and it would be in the style of a real radio station allowing me to
reflect professional standards and style it accordingly.
When it comes to producing audio for radio, I believe that
my strengths outshine my weaknesses in the fact that I can clearly read the
stories, allowing the listeners to easily understand what I’m saying, this
works well along with the pace that in read at, which matches the 3 words per
second rule. I stuck to the ‘rule’ throughout the recording, which made it a
lot easier for me when it came to editing my final piece on Adobe Audition.
Having planned out how many words to write for the audio script, it gave me
clear time constraints to stick to so that I time my recorded reporter script
and my vox pops with the people I asked for them. If had to come up with a weakness, it would
be that I struggled to flesh out the smaller stories without making it seem too
obvious that I was writing for the sake of it. However, it helped that in the
sources I used tere were loads of quotes and information so I could tail of
from them, allowing me some freedom with what to say.
There are a lot of legal considerations when writing copy
for radio because you have to make sure that the things you say is reliable and
that it will not be considered false or misleading. You also need to make sure
that you are not offending anyone, which personally is struggled with because I
had strong opinions on the subjects. The only problem with writing copy for a highbrow
audience is that you have to be very formal and very factual, allowing for
minimal creativity whilst writing. Despite all of this you have to maintain
public interest and make sure they’re satisfied with the content you are
putting out, making research into the stories essential. Even when asking
people for their opinions on the topics, in a vox pop, you have to male sure
that whatever is sent out on air, is suitable and is not going to breach any
regulations set by the broadcast agency. Radio journalists have to be incredibly carefully not to commit defamation and contempt of court, which is a lot harder for a radio journalist than it is for a newspaper journalist, becuase unlike newspapers, commercial radio is funded by advertising and if they were to commit any defamation, calling false claims on a subject, they will massively risk losing their main sources of income. An example of this is a common one in sport as of late, where Tennis professional Rafa Nadal has sued former french french sports minister Roselyn Bancholet for doping allegations. With something like this, you can easily claim allegations against someone without evidence but it is also something that people can easily sue for if they provide the right evidence.
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